LEARNING TOOLS: 2016

ELECTRICITY (10TH)

CHARGE: It is a property of matter that arises due to the different quantity electrons and protons. If the quantity of electrons and protons is equal then the it's neutral.
1.Negatively charged: a body is said to be negatively charged if it has excess amount of electrons.
2. Positively charged: A body is said to be positively charged if it has excess amount of protons.

COULOMB(C): Coulomb is the SI unit of charge. It's defined as the amount of charge which repels another charge of equal amount with a force of 9×10N. Charge on an electron is -1.6×10.

*STATIC ELECTRICITY: It deals with the study of charge at rest.
*CURRENT ELECTRICITY: It deals with the study at motion.

CONDUCTOR: Conductor is a type of material through which electric charge can passed. It offers very low resistance.
INSULATOR: Insulator is a type material through which electric charge cannot passed. It offers very high resistance.

ELECTRIC CURRENT(I): Electric current is the flow of electric charge through any cross section of a conductor. It can be define as the rate of follow of electric charge through conductor.
i.e., I=Q/t
Its SI unit is ampere.
AMPERE:

Want full course?

MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS

STATES OF MATTER

Solid:
1. Definite shape and volume.
2. High density.
3. Incompressible.
4. No diffusion
5. Strongest inter particles attraction
6. Closely packed matter particles

Liquid:
1. No definite shape but fixed volume
2. Lower density than that of solid
3. Almost incompressible
4. Diffuse
5. Weaker inter particles attraction than solid
6. Less closely packed matter particles than solid

Gas:
1. Neither definite shape or volume
2. Least density
3. Highly compressible
4. Diffuse
5. Weakest inter particles attraction
6. Freely moved matter particles

Plasma:
1. Ionized gas
2. Neither definite shape nor volume
3. Good conductor of electricity
4. Effected by magnetic field

Bose - Einstein Condensate
1. Very closed molecules
2. It arise only at very low temperature

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ON MATTER STATE
1. Temperature: On increasing of temperature of matter increases the Kinetic Energy of the particles which overcome the force of attraction between the particles.
2. Pressure: Increase or decrease of pressure cause change in state of a matter. e.g., Gas can be liquefy by increasing pressure and reducing temperature.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

1. Chemical Reactions: Chemical reactions are the changes that leads to one or more new substances.
i.e., reactants ------------> products
(i) Reactants: Reactants are the substances that take part in a reaction to produce new substance/substances.
(i) Products: Products are the new substances produced as a result of chemical change.

2. Chemical Equations: Chemical equations are representation of chemical changes in terms of symbols and formulae of reactants and products.

3. Balancing an equation: Equalising the number of atoms in both the reactants and products.

4. Balanced Chemical Equation: Chemical equation having same number of atoms in both the reactants and products.

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
1. Combination Reaction: The reaction in which two or more substances combine together to form a single substance.
e.g., 2Mg(s) + O2(g) --------->2MgO(s)

2. Decomposition Reaction: The reaction in which single compound breaks up into two or more compounds.
e.g., 2Pb(NO3)2 (s) --------->2PbO (s) + 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
This reaction can be divided into three subcategories,
i.e.,
(i) Electrolysis
(ii) Thermal
(iii) Photochemical

3. Displacement Reaction: The reaction in which more reactive element displace the less reactive element to form to form a compound.
e.g., Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) ----------> Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s)

4. Double Displacement Reaction: The chemical reaction in which compound reacts to form different compound by mutual exchange of ions.
It can be divided into two types,
_(i) Precipitation: This reaction occur if we two aqueous solution of salt.
e.g., AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) -----------> NaCl (aq) +H2O
.(i) Neutralization: In this reaction acid reacts with base.
e.g., NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) -----------> NaCl (aq) + H2O (aq)

5. Redox Reaction: This reaction consists of two sub reaction,
i.e., (i) Oxidation: It involves gain of oxygen and loss of hydrogen.
___(ii) Reduction: It involves loss of oxygen and gain of hydrogen.
Both of this reaction take part mutually.
e.g., ZnO + C -----------> Zn + CO
Here, ZnO reduce to Zn_____reduction
and C oxydize to CO______oxidation

6. Thermal Reaction
(i) Exothermic Reaction: This reaction involves releasing of heat.
e.g., C + O2 -----------> CO2 (g) + ∆
(ii) Endothermic Reaction: This reaction involves absorption of heat.
e.g., CaCO3 + ∆ ---------> CaO + CO2

CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

2. Chemical Equations: Chemical equations are representation of chemical changes in terms of symbols and formulae of reactants and products.

3. Balancing an equation: Equalising the number of atoms in both the reactants and products.

4. Balanced Chemical Equation: Chemical equation having same number of atoms in both the reactants and products.

Types of Chemical Equations:
1. Combination Reaction: The reaction in which two or more substances combine together to form a single substance.
e.g., 2Mg(s) + O2(g) --------->2MgO(s)

3. Displacement Reaction: The reaction in which more reactive element displace the less reactive element to form to form a compound.
e.g., Cu (s) + 2AgNO3 (aq) ----------> Cu(NO3)2 (aq) + 2Ag (s)

METALS AND NON-METALS

METALS

Physical Properties:
1. Solid.
2. High melting and boiling point.
3. High density.
4. Malleable and ductile.
5. Good conductor of heat and electricity.

Chemical Properties:
1. Metal + Oxygen ------> Metal oxide

e.g., 4Na + O -------------> 2Na2O
2. Metal + Water -------> Metal
3. Metal + dil acid ---------> Salt + Hydrogen
4. Metal + Chlorine ---------> Metal Chloride
5. Metal + Hydrogen --------> Metal Hydride

NON-METAL
Physical Properties:
1. Solid, liquid and gas.
2. Not malleable and ductile.
3. Low melting and boiling point.
4. Poor conductor of heat and electricity.

Chemical Properties:
1. Non-metal + Oxygen --------> Non-metal oxide
2. Non-metal + steam ---------> Hydrogen
3. Non-metal + acid --------> No reaction
4. Non-metal + chlorine -------> Non-metal Chloride

Sample Questions for SA1 (10th)

Q. Prove that √2+√7 is an irrational.
Sol:
Let, √2+√7 is a rational number.
i.e., √2+√7=x, where x is an integer.
=> √2 = x-√7
=> (√2)²=(x-√7)² (squaring both sides)
=> 4 =x²+7 - 2√7x
=> 2√7x=x²+7-4
=> √7 = (x²+3)/2x
As x is an integer, so right hand side represents a rational number.
But it contradict the fact that √3 irrational. (So our assumption was wrong)

Hence √2+√7 is irrational.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWER FOR SA1 (9TH)

Q. If x+y+z=0, show that x³+y³+z³=3xyz.
Sol:
Given,
=>x+ y+ z=0
=>x+ y = - z_______(1)
=>(x+y)³=( - z)³
=>x³+y³ - 3xy(x+y)= - z³
=>x3+y³ - 3xy( - z)= - z³ [from eqn (1)]
=>x³+y³ - 3xyz= - z³
=>x³+y³+z³=3xyz

__
Q. Express 4.035 in the form of p/q.
Sol: __
Let, x=4.035
=> x = 4.0353535........
=>10x=40.353535......._____(1)
=>1000x=4035.3535.....____(2)

So, (2) - (1)
=>990x=3995
=> x = 3995/990
=> x = 799/198

Q. Find the perimeter of a isosceles triangle whose base measure is 24cm and area is 60cm².
Sol:
Let, each equal sides of the triangle be 'x' cm
i.e.,
s=(x+x+24)/2
=>s=(2x+24)/2
=>s=2x/2+24/2
=>s=x + 12

Area=√(x+12)(x+12 - x)(x+12 - x)(x+12 - 24)
=> 60 = √(x+12)(12)(12)(x-12)
=> 60 = 12√(x² - 12²)

=> 5 =√(x² - 144)
=>25=x² - 144
=>25+144=x²
=>169=x²
=> 13²=x²
=> 13=x

P=13+13+24
=50
Hence perimeter of the given triangle is 50cm.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS OF SA1 (9TH)

__
Q. Express 4.035 in the form of p/q.
Sol: __
Let, x=4.035
=> x = 4.0353535........
=>10x=40.353535......._____(1)
=>1000x=4035.3535.....____(2)

So, (2) - (1)
=>990x=3995
=> x = 3995/990
=> x = 799/198

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR SA1 (9TH)

Solutions for English Grammar (7th)

Chapter-2
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

Exercise 1: Identify the nouns in the sentences and say whether they are countable or uncountable nouns.

1. Can I have a slice of bread?
Ans:
noun- slice of bread,
type- countable

2. Put chocolates int the fridge.
Ans:
noun- chocolate and fridge,
type- countable.

3. How many languages do you know?
Ans:
noun- language,
type- countable.

4. I saw four people standing near our gate.
Ans:
noun- people and gate,
type- countable

5. Please give me some money.
Ans:
noun - money,
type- uncountable

6. How much flour do I need to make a cake?
Ans:
noun- four,
type- uncountable.

7. Knowledge is a precious thin.
Ans:
noun- knowledge,
type- uncountable.

8. All the friends went to watch the match.
Ans:
noun- friend and match,
type- countable.

9. Please do not park your car here.
Ans:
noun- car,
type- countable.

10. Summit your assignment in a file.
Ans:
noun- assignment and file,
type- countable.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with appropriate quantity/unit words given below.

1. A sheet of paper

2. Two bottle of milk

3. Four litre of oil

4. A piece of wood

5. A cake of soap

6. Ten kilo of wheat

7. A plank of furniture

8. A slice of bread

Ch-7
DETERMINERS

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners.
1. Whose
2. Which
3. This/my/your/his
4. Each
5. Every
6. This
7. The few
8. Each

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR SA1 (10TH)-2

1. If sin(50 - 3x/2) = cos(3x - 50) then find the value of tanx.secx.sinx - cotx.sinx.cosx

2. If cotA = 3 - 1/12A then find cotA+cosecA = 6x or -1/6.

3. Find the quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are √3+√5 and √5 - √3.

4. Government of India allotted relief fund to help the families whose houses and shops were ruined in a storm. The fund is represented by 6x³-11x²+15x-24. The fund is equally divided between each of the families of that accident. Each family receives an amount of 3x-7. After distribution 7x+11 amount is left. The DC decided to use this amount to develop infrastructure of the area. Find the number of families which received relief fund from government.

5. Find the diagonals of a square length of whose sides is 8cm.

6. Prove that (1+cotA - cosecA)(1+tanA+secA) = 2.

7. Find the value of k if x³ - 4x²+5x -k is completely divisible by x - 4.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR SA1 (10TH)-1

1. If secA+tanA=p, then show that secA-tnaA=1/p

2. Evaluate:
(i) sec²60°+sec0°
(ii) sin12°+sin78°

3. Simply:
(i) (1-sinA)(tanA+secA)
(ii)(secA+cosA)(cotA+tanA)

4. If a sweet shopkeeper prepares 396 gulab jamun and 342 ras-gullas. He packs them in containers. Each container consist of either gulab jamuns or ras-gullas in equal number pieces. Find the number of pieces he should put in each box so that number boxes are least.

5. If a polynomial x⁴+5x³+4x²-10x-12 has two zeroes -2 and -3, then find the other zeroes

6. ∆ABC is right angled at B. P and Q are the mid points of AB and BC, then prove that:
(i)4PC²=4BC²+AB²
(ii)4AQ²=4AB²+BC²
(iii)5AC²=4PC²+4AQ²

7. In rhombus ABCD, prove that AB²+BC²+CD²+AC²=AC²+BD².

8. Divide y⁴+y²+1 by y³+y and verify the division lemma.

9. BL and CM are the medians of ∆ABC right angled at A. Prove that 4(BL²+CM²)=5BC².

10. If secB+tanB=p then show that sinB=(p²-1)/(p²+1).

11. Given HCF(306, 657)=9, find LCM(306, 657).

SAMPLE QUESTIONS FOR SA1 (10TH)

Q. If secA+tanA=p, then show that secA-tnaA=1/p

Q. Evaluate:
(i) sec²60°+sec0°
(ii) sin12°+sin78°

Q. Simply:
(i) (1-sinA)(tanA+secA)
(ii)(secA+cosA)(cotA+tanA)

Q. If a sweet shopkeeper prepares 396 gulab jamun and 342 ras-gullas. He packs them in containers. Each container consist of either gulab jamuns or ras-gullas in equal number pieces. Find the number of pieces he should put in each box so that number boxes are least.

Q. If a polynomial x⁴+5x³+4x²-10x-12 has two zeroes -2 and -3, then find the other zeroes

Q. ∆ABC is right angled at B. P and Q are the mid points of AB and BC, then prove that:
(i)4PC²=4BC²+AB²
(ii)4AQ²=4AB²+BC²
(iii)5AC²=4PC²+4AQ²

YUDHISHTHIRA THE HONEST

Once after hunting whole the day Pandavas became too exhausted. So they settled down under a tree to rest. As all brothers were thirsty, Yudhishthira asked Nakula to fetch some water in a quiver for all of them. Nakula climbed up a tree and tried to see if there was any lake nearby. He heard the chirping and cries of some bird, and instantly he knew that there would be some water in the vicinity. He climbed down the tree, followed the cries of the bird.

Nakula came to a large freshwater lake. The lake was devoid of any living creature accept a boa. He bent down to drink water before collecting some for his brothers. But, as soon as he raised the water, he heard a voice. The boa spoke 'Stop son of Madri. You must answer my questions before you drink my water, otherwise you will go into my stomach.'

As Nakula was too thirsty, so he ignored the common of the boa. As soon as the boa pulled Nakula to its stomach.

When Nakula didn't return, Yudhishthira sent Sahadeva to see why their had not returned.
Sahadeva followed the bird's cries to the lake and saw nothing. And same incident happened and he also became food for the boa.

As their brothers had not returned Yudhishthira had gradually sent his remaining brothers. But same had happened.

Since none of his brothers returned, Yudhishthira got extremely anxious and went in the search of hi brothers. On reaching the lake Yudhishthira heard the same voice his brothers.

Yudhishthira humbly allowed the water that he had gathered to drink. He stood up and answer the questions.

The boa was Yaksha who deeply impressed with his answer and.........................................................

List